Abstract
In global grain production, corn is expected to record the largest production volume of 1.16 gt in 2022, highlighting its importance. Corn is in high demand because of its versatile uses, not only as food but also as an animal feed and raw material for biofuel. Although overall grain production is affected by climate change and population growth, it has been on the rise in recent years thanks to technological innovation and improved agricultural efficiency. However, due to uneven distribution of production sites and fluctuations in import and export volumes, challenges remain regarding the supply and demand balance around the world. Other staple grains such as wheat and rice also remain important, with wheat being a major export contributor to global food security. As stable grain supply and demand will be required in the future, establishing a sustainable production system is an issue.
Production(production (production volume))
Corn accounts for the largest share of global grain production, reaching a record high of 1.21gt in 2021. This is the result of a long-term increase in production driven by population growth and growing demand for animal feed and biofuels. However, by 2022, production is expected to remain at only 96.3% of its peak, with droughts and floods caused by climate change and rising costs of agricultural inputs contributing to the decline in production. In addition, corn production is concentrated in certain regions, particularly the United States and China, and geopolitical risks and logistical issues can affect imports and exports. Overall, crop yields have improved thanks to technological innovation and improved varieties, but the structure of the crop leaves it vulnerable to fluctuations in climate and the economy, which remains an issue. Sustainable agricultural policies will continue to be required.
The maximum is 1.21Gt[2021] of Corn, and the current value is about 96.3%
Production (food)
Rice is an important food ingredient in global grain production, and is widely consumed as a staple food, especially in Asia. In 2021, it recorded a record high of 638 Mt and remains at peak levels. This stable production volume is the result of technological innovation, improved irrigation systems, and improved yields through improved varieties. Rice is mainly produced in China, India and Southeast Asian countries, and since the majority of rice is consumed domestically in these countries, export volumes are limited compared to overall production. On the other hand, there are concerns that fluctuations in precipitation and the risk of flooding due to climate change could affect production. Additionally, increased demand due to population growth and urbanization of agricultural land are also long-term challenges. The introduction of sustainable agricultural techniques and policies will continue to be essential for stable rice production.
The maximum is the latest one, 638Mt of Rice
Import and export (exports)
In terms of cereal exports, wheat is the most important crop, recording the largest overall export volume in 1961 at 261 Mt. This is because while wheat is widely used as a staple food around the world, major production areas are concentrated in certain regions (such as the United States, Russia, and Canada), making international distribution through exports essential. The average export volume was 75.9Mt, with an overall total of 607Mt, showing a trend of export volumes increasing in line with demand. Grain exports are characterized by their vulnerability to geopolitical influences, and wars and trade restrictions can have a significant impact on the supply and demand balance. In addition, logistics infrastructure is essential for the transportation of grain, and the policies and climatic conditions of major exporting countries are factors that determine export volumes.
The maximum is the latest one, 723Mt of Corn
Animal (feed)
Animal feed plays a significant role in global grain production, with corn accounting for the largest share as the primary feed grain at 723 Mt. This is due to increased demand for feed, which is now at an all-time high. As the livestock industry expands, demand for corn has been on a long-term upward trend, and corn has become a major source of feed, especially in large-scale livestock-producing countries such as the United States and China. A notable feature is that consumption of grains used as animal feed is accelerating due to improved efficiency in livestock farming and increasing demand for meat. On the other hand, there is an increasing risk that climate change and rising agricultural input prices will affect production. Furthermore, there is an issue that the use of grains as feed causes competition with human food production, and there is a need to promote efficient use and sustainable livestock farming.
The maximum is the latest one, 723Mt of Corn
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